Summary: The objective of this project was: 1) Integration of a new material, kasugamycin, into blossom blight control programs for conventional orchards (this objective was funded from pear sources, but results are applicable to apple); 2) Evaluate fire blight suppression programs compatible with European organic certification standards; 3) Evaluate protection of apple rootstocks (ELMA 9, ELMA 26) from girdling fire blight infections via soil application of an inducer of systemic acquired resistance.
